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VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol used for the management and maintenance of VLANS across a switched network.
Without VTP, if you need to add, delete or edit a VLAN in your network then you would need to login to each and every switch and enter the commands manually. That's not a problem if you have two or three switches, but it can become very time consuming when you have a few more.
VTP solves this issue by allowing all switches (within the VTP domain) to sync their VLANs together in a VLAN database. The goal is to have every switch running the same version of the VLAN database.
The switches do this by sending different messages to each other. These messages allow them to update, maintain and synchronise their VLAN databases.
Types of Message
------------------------------
Summery Advertisement
These messages are sent to let all the switches know the current revision number of the VLAN database
-Domain name
-Password
-Revision number
-Followers
Subset Advertisement
These messages contain VLAN information so the other switches can add them to their own database.
-Domain name
-Revision number
-VLAN info
Advertisement Request
These messages are sent when a switch needs to request a Subset Advertisement to sync it's database.
Requirements
------------------------------
There are some requirements that need to be met before the switches will sync their VLAN databases.
-Be in the same VTP domain
-Have the same VTP password if set
-Connect over a trunk
Modes
------------------------------
There are three different modes that can be used.
Server
-Can create VLANs
-Can send updates
Client
-Cannot create VLANs
-Can send updates
Transparent
-Can only create local VLANs
-Does not send updates
-Does forward updates from other switches
VTP Pruning
------------------------------
Pruning is a feature of VTP that can helps prevent unnecessary traffic from being sent to switches with no ports on a particular VLAN. The switches will 'prune' VLANs from trunks in order to reduce any unnecessary bandwidth and resource usage. They do this by sending join messages.
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