The Sexual Response Cycle

Orgasms occur in the sexual response cycle. The sexual response cycle is the biological, psychological, and sociological factors surrounding and including an orgasm.

Biological factors are associated with genetics, physiology, and anatomy.
Psychological factors are associated with self, identity, feelings, behaviors, thoughts, and perceptions.
And sociological factors are associated with culture, society, groups, and ethics.

Masters and Johnson

The sexual response cycle was scientifically discovered by William Masters (b. 1915, d. 2001) and Virginia Johnson (b. 1925, d. 2013). The two made an interesting pair of scientists. Masters was a former Navy lieutenant and trained gynecologist — who had an interest in studying prostitutes; while Johnson was a former country music singer and two-time college dropout — who had an interest in studying sociology. They were lovers who eventually married, but later divorced.

Despite Masters and Johnson colorful private lives, they were dedicated scientists and the first to understand sex from a physiological perspective.

They discovered the sexual response cycle by measuring men’s and women’s anatomies and physiologies while the men and women were having sex. Masters and Johnson measured 700 individuals, ranging in age from 18 to 89 years, having more than 10,000 orgasms. From these measurements, they concluded the sexual response cycle, for both men and women, is composed of four phases.

Phases of the Sexual Response Cycle

Phase 1: EXCITEMENT

The excitement phase of the sexual response cycle is defined by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system builds muscular tension; accelerates breathing and heart rate; increases pain thresholds; and significantly increases blood flows to the penis, vaginal walls, clitoris, and nipples.
Additionally, involuntary muscular movements called myotonia are seen within the excitement phase; and are often in the form of facial grimaces.

Phase 2: PLATEAU

The plateau phase of the sexual response cycle is defined by muscular tension, breathing, heart rate, and blood flow intensifying.

Females experience an orgasmic platform during this phase, in which the outer third of the vaginal walls begin tightening; while males experience a release of pre-seminal fluid that is produced by the Cowper’s glands.

Euphemistically speaking, the plateau phase is referred to as “foreplay.”

And typically, the longer the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle is, the more likely an orgasm will occur with greater intensity and duration.

Phase 3: ORGASM

The orgasm phase of the sexual response cycle is the shortest, typically lasting between 15 and 55 seconds. Yet it is reported as being by far the most pleasurable phase. This phase marks the climax of muscular tension, breathing, heart rate, and blood flow.

Females have the physiological potential of having multiple orgasms.
Neuromuscular tension is released after reaching this climax and the hormones oxytocin, serotonin, and a variety of endorphins flood the bloodstream — facilitating emotional bonding, and relieving depression, stress, and anxiety.

During the resolution phase, males enter a refractory period of being unresponsive to sexual stimuli.

Phase 4: RESOLUTION

The resolution phase of the sexual response cycle has the body returning to its pre-aroused state.

During this phase, males enter a refractory period of being unresponsive to sexual stimuli. The length of this period depends on age, frequency of recent sexual relations, level of intimacy with partner, and novelty.

Females do not have a refractory period, and therefore have a greater physiological potential of having multiple orgasms.

But ironically, females are also more likely to “fake” having orgasms.

Now That I Know Where an Orgasm is, How Do I Get One?

A Variety of Methods

Masters and Johnson found sexual response cycles occur regardless of whether people are masturbating by themselves or with others; or having oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse.

Take Your Time

And they found the length of time from the beginning of the excitement phase to the end of the orgasm phase typically ranged from 3 to 20 minutes.

Although the time it takes for men to orgasm is often shorter (about 7 to 14 minutes) than that for women (about 10 to 20 minutes), this difference appears to be less due to whether you are a man or a woman and more due to whether there is a suitable stimulus present during the excitement and plateau phases of the sexual response cycle.
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