David Koch, billionaire industrialist and Republican mega donor, dies aged 79
The former majority owner of Koch Industries was ranked by Forbes below brother Charles as the 11th richest person in the world.
Together they had a huge influence on the conservative movement and bankrolled causes pushing for small government and a free economy.
But this has made them both polarising figures.
They gave a lot of money to Mitt Romney's failed presidential campaign but fell out with President Donald Trump over his tough immigration policy and tariffs.
'Blood and money': The story of the Koch brothers
In 2018 Koch stepped down from Koch Industries - which refines crude oil, produces fertiliser, and manufactures household products - citing his declining health.
He had been a major donor to the arts, especially ballet, and donated to New York's Lincoln Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center hospital.
He ran for president as a Libertarian in 1980, calling for the abolishment of many federal government agencies.
According to Forbes, he is estimated to be worth $42.4bn (£34.7bn).
The news of his death was confirmed in a statement from Charles Koch, who said that his brother was first diagnosed with prostate cancer 27 years ago and given only a few years to live.
"David liked to say that a combination of brilliant doctors, state-of-the-art medications and his own stubbornness kept the cancer at bay," Charles Koch wrote, adding that in those years he married his wife Julia Flesher and had three children.
He also described David as having a "giant personality and passion for life" and noted his "institution changing philanthropic commitments to hospitals, cancer research, education and the arts".
'Pushed Republicans to the right'
Analysis by Tara McKelvey, White House reporter
David Koch, who was born in Wichita, once said: "Hell, everybody from Kansas is a Republican."
In fact, there are plenty of Democrats in Kansas. But he was right about this - conservatism permeates the state. Kansas is a place where people believe in the individual spirit, free trade and free markets - and like to rail against Washington.
A libertarian, Koch fostered his economic ideas on a national level through organisations such as Americans for Prosperity, a right-wing advocacy group.
Over several decades, he helped to reshape conservatism in the US, pushing the Republican party to the right and inspiring leaders of the Tea Party movement who eventually helped to elect Trump.
A wealthy man who invested in both science (a dinosaur gallery at the American Museum of Natural History is named after him) and in libertarian, Kansas-bred economic ideas, Koch has had a profound impact on conservative thought in this country.
Who are the Koch brothers?
The company founded by Charles and David Koch - the second largest privately owned business in the US - has interests ranging from pipelines to paper towels.
According to the Koch Industries website, they have more than 120,000 employees between all their businesses and subsidiaries.
They have previously put money into groups denying climate change and attacking unions and workers' rights.
But they have also pushed for criminal justice reform and made large donations to the American Civil Liberties Union.
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