in this video you will know about Who was Hasan bin Sabah, the leader of the Fedai clan who made a murderous attack on Salah al-Din Ayyubi?
Hasan-i Sabbāh (Persian: حسن صباح) or Hassan as-Sabbāh (Arabic: حسن بن الصباح الحميري, full name: Hassan bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Ja'far bin al-Husayn bin Muhammad bin al-Sabbah al-Himyari;[1] c. 1050 – 12 June 1124)[2] was the founder of the Nizari Isma'ili state and its fidā'i military group[3] known as the Order of Assassins,[4] often referred also as the Hashshashin. Since Marco Polo, he has been known in the West as the Old Man of the Mountain.[5] He later seized a mountain fortress called Alamut.
At the age of 17, Hasan converted and swore allegiance to the Fatimid caliph in Cairo. Hasan's studies did not end with his crossing over. He further studied under two other dā‘iyyayn, and as he proceeded on his path, he was looked upon with eyes of respect.
His search for a base from which to guide his mission ended when in 1088 he found the castle of Alamut in the Rudbar area (modern Qazvin, Iran).[citation needed] It was a fort that stood guard over a valley that was about fifty kilometers long and five kilometers wide.[citation needed] This fortress had been built about the year 865; legend has it that it was built by a king who saw his eagle fly up to and perch upon a rock, a propitious omen, the importance of which this king, Wah Sudan ibn Marzuban, understood. Likening the perching of the eagle to a lesson given by it, he called the fort Aluh Amu(kh)t: the "Eagles' Teaching"
Hasan's takeover of the fort was conducted without any significant bloodshed. To effect this transition Hasan employed a patient and deliberate strategy, one which took the better part of two years to effect. First Hasan sent his Daʻiyyīn and Rafīks to win over the villages in the valley, and their inhabitants. Next, key people amongst this populace were converted, and finally, in 1090, Hasan took over the fort by infiltrating it with his converts. Hasan offered 3000 gold dinars to the fort's owner for the amount of land that would fit a buffalo's hide. The terms having been agreed upon, Hasan cut the hide into strips and linked them into a large ring around the perimeter of the fort, whose owner was thus undone by his own greed.
While legend holds that after capturing Alamut Hasan thereafter devoted himself so faithfully to study, that in the nearly 35 years he was there he never left his quarters, excepting only two times when he went up to the roof.[citation needed] This reported isolation is highly doubtful, given his extensive recruiting and organizational involvement in the growing Ismā'īlī insurrections in Persia and Syria.[17] Nonetheless, Hasan was highly educated and was known for austerity, studying, translating, praying, fasting, and directing the activities of the Daʻwa: the propagation of the Nizarī doctrine was headquartered at Alamut. He knew the Qur'ān by heart, could quote extensively from the texts of most Muslim sects, and apart from philosophy, was well versed in mathematics, astronomy, alchemy, medicine, architecture, and the major scientific disciplines of his time.[citation needed] In a major departure from tradition, Hasan declared Persian to be the language of holy literature for Nizaris, a decision that resulted in all the Nizari Ismā'īlī literature from Persia, Syria, Afghanistan and Central Asia to be transcribed in Persian for several centuries
It is well-known about the Fidayeen that they were slow in carrying out orders. He used to be ready to give his life on a signal from his chief, Sheikh Al-Jabal. This was the reason why Hasan bin Sabah had many strong and brave rulers killed in their bedrooms by his loyalists in order to clear the political path. In Qila Alamut, the loyalists were taught the art of using weapons. These soldiers blindly obeyed Hasan's orders without excuse. They used to disguise themselves and influence his mood. He used to become his confidant and finish his work as soon as he got an opportunity.
But this paradise is not confirmed by any historical sources because the famous minister of the Mongols occupying this fort after the Battle of Alamut, Atta Malik Jawini, has not mentioned this paradise anywhere in his book Tarikh Jahangshai, which is referred to Tarikh Alamut. It is considered a comprehensive and authentic book. It is possible that the opponents have made this false story to make the people suspicious of Sheikh Al-Jabal Hasan bin Sabah, because the presence of all the mentioned parts of this paradise in Qila Alamut is not acceptable to any intelligent mind. could because Qila Alamut was a small fort on top of a hill which hardly had a place to stay for Sheikh Al-Jabal and his devotees.
