UMLANDO WE-BORAN ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 kwaba nomzamo wokuqala wokuletha i-Boran eNingizimu Afrika. Umlimi waseKenya, uMiles Fletcher, wafuya izinkomo nezimvu zaseBoran engxenyeni yepulazi iSugoroi eduze kwaseNaro Moru, eKenya. Ngo-1962 wanquma ukuthuthela eNingizimu Afrika ngenhloso yokusungula umhlambi we-Boran eNingizimu Afrika.
Wathutha izinkomo zaseBoran ezingaphezu kwekhulu wehlela eZambia, lapho athola khona izindaba ezivela kwaRhodesian Veterinary Services ukuthi uzovunyelwa kuphela ukususa inzalo yaseBoran ayithenga phansi eKenya, edlula eRhodesia eya eNingizimu Afrika.
Ngo-1963 u-Miles wayeka umzamo wakhe futhi wathengisa i-Boran yakhe kwa-Agricultural Enterprises Ltd, inkampani engaphansi kwe-Zambezi Ranching Corp Ltd., esesifundeni saseChoma, eZambia. Ibhukwana labo lithi "Namuhla amaDemo Borans awalingani eZambia.... umnyombo womhlambi uthengwe kuMnuz Miles Fletcher ongomunye wabafuyi abahamba phambili eKenya.
Lapho efunda isihloko esiphathelene nokudluliswa kombungu kanye nendima yoguquko ababezoyidlala ekudluliseleni ufuzo ezindaweni ezizwelayo ezifweni, umshana omkhulu kaMiles uSimon Hodgson waqaphela ukuthi ukungeniswa kweBoran manje kwase kuyenzeka. Ngo-1991 u-Simon Hodgson wathintana ne-Kenya Boran Cattle Breeders Society (KBCBS) ezwakalisa intshisekelo yokungenisa i-Boran eNingizimu Afrika.
NgoZibandlela ka-1991 umongameli we-BCBS, u-Giles Prettejohn wedlulisela isimemo ku-Simon ukuthi athole umuntu ofanelekayo ovela eNingizimu Afrika ukuze ahlulele i-Boran eMbukisweni waseNairobi ka-1992 - isinyathelo sokuqala sokwandisa ukuqwashisa nge-Boran eNingizimu Afrika. UDouglas Ralfe wasamukela isimemo futhi kanye nendodana yakhe, uTim, bandizela eKenya futhi bahlulela iBoran embukisweni waseNairobi.
Babe sebechitha izinsuku eziyishumi njengezihambeli ze-KBCBS bevakashele amapulazi adumile e-Boran eKenya. UDouglas wahlabeka umxhwele ngamaBoran - "Babewuhlobo oluhle futhi beyifanelekela indawo ababelinywa kuyo. Sathi sivakashela epulazini laseMutare sabona umhlambi wezinkomo namankonyane abomvu angaba amakhulu amabili, futhi cishe amamitha angu-50. kude inani elifanayo lezinkomo ezimhlophe namathole.
Okwasithakasela kakhulu wumhlambi omkhulu owakhonjiswa izinkomo njengoba zingazami ukuxutshwa yize zazibabili kuphela abelusi. Akungabazeki ukuthi umbono omuhle kakhulu wezinkomo engibe nelungelo lokuwubona. Uma kubhekwa ezinye izici ezinhle i-Boran enazo, sanquma ngaleso sikhathi ukungenisa i-Boran eNingizimu Afrika."
Ngo-August 1995 uMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezilwane waqaphela i-Boran njengohlobo.
Ngomhla ziyi-17 kuNhlaba wezi-2003, kwasungulwa i-Boran Cattle Breeders Society of SA.
Izinkomo zaseBoran zafuywa ezingxenyeni ezi-3 zomhlaba:
I-Bos Indicus (izinkomo zeZebu) ezifuywayo e-Indus Valley (Pakistan) 4000BC
I-European Bos Taurus yafuywa empumalanga yeYurophu ngo-6000 BC
I-African Bos Taurus yafuywa endaweni esempumalanga ye-Sub-Saharan ngo-8000 BC
Izinkomo zangeniswa e-Afrika:
I-European Bos Taurus
- isingeniso sokuqala kwakuyi-humpless taurine Hamitic Longhorns (Bos Taurus) futhi bafika eNayile Delta cishe ngo-6000 BC,
- isingeniso sesibili, leso se-taurine Shorthorns (B. Taurus) okuthiwa senzeka cishe ngo-2750-2500 BC.
Bos indicus
- ukwethulwa kokuqala kwezinkomo ze-humped zebu Bos indicus kwaqala ngo-2000-1788 BC;
- isingeniso sesibili, esihlotshaniswa nokuhlasela kwama-Arab e-Afrika, kwenzeka kusukela cishe ngo-699 AD
I-African Bos Taurus
- Itholakala e-Afrika
Ukwakheka kofuzo kwe-Boran:
Ngesampula ye-DNA u-Hanotte et al uhlaziye ukwakheka kofuzo lwe-Boran futhi iqukethe izilinganiso zofuzo ezilandelayo:
I-European Bos Taurus - 24%
I-Bos Indicus - 64%
I-African Bos Taurus - 12%
I-Boran yathuthukiswa empumalanga ye-Afrika kanti indawo eyi-Boran hotspot enkulu kwakuyithafa lase-Borana eningizimu ye-Ethiopia. Leso kwakuyiphuzu lapho zonke izinhlobo ezihlukene zathuthela ezindaweni zazo ezihlukahlukene e-Afrika.
I-Boran yakhula yaba uhlobo oluvelele empumalanga ye-Afrika futhi ikakhulukazi eKenya, lapho i-Kenyan Boran Cattle Breeders' Society (BCBS) ikhiqize "i-Boran Ethuthukisiwe" kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka.
"Nakuba abalimi be-Boran bekwenze ngcono kakhulu ukuhlangana kwenyama yenkomo yezilwane zabo, abazange balahlekelwe umbono wezimfanelo ezibalulekile ze-Boran yendabuko" uma kucashunwa i-BCBS.
Njengoba kunganqunywa ukuthi yiyona kuphela inzalo e-Afrika (ngakho-ke emhlabeni) ukuba nale nhlanganisela ethile yofuzo. Kumele kuqondwe kahle ukuthi i-Boran iwuhlobo olwagcina ngokufakwa izakhi zofuzo "ezintsha" ngo-700 AD.
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