The Hungarian composer György Ligeti composed a cycle of 18 études for solo piano between 1985 and 2001. They are considered one of the major creative achievements of his last decades, and one of the most significant sets of piano studies of the 20th century, combining virtuoso technical problems with expressive content, following in the line of the études of Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Claude Debussy, and Alexander Scriabin but addressing new technical ideas as a compendium of the concepts Ligeti had worked out in his other works since the 1950s. Pianist Jeremy Denk wrote that they "are a crowning achievement of his career and of the piano literature; though still new, they are already classics."
Étude No. 13:
A hard-driving toccata that moves polymetrically up and down the keyboard featuring an ascending chromatic scale motif and then turns into an impression of bells ringing in different registers and times. At more than five minutes in duration, this is the longest étude of the set. It is dedicated to pianist Volker Banfield.
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