There were millions of casualties during World War 2, but many others, especially women and children were victims of abuse and rape. Join us, as we look at what they did to women during World War 2.
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Marocchinate
The name "Marocchinate" refers to the mass rapes and massacres committed in Italy following World War II's Battle of Monte Cassino. These were primarily committed by Moroccan Goumiers, colonial troops of the French Expeditionary Corps led by General Alphonse Juin, and principally targeted civilian women and girls, as well as a few men and boys, in the rural villages of Southern Lazio, between Naples and Rome. Mass rapes continued throughout the campaign, particularly in some Northern Italian cities. The Allies took Rome on June 4, 1944. The following night, tens of thousands of Goumiers and other colonial forces swept into the villages of Southern and Central Italy.
Italian victims' associations, such as the Associazione Nazionale Vittime delle Marocchinate, claimed that 3,000,000 women aged 3 to 40 were subjected to brutality as the Goumiers took control of the towns. The Italian Ministry of Defence estimated in 1997 that there were between 200,000 and 300,000 female victims. The death toll among men is believed to exceed 80,000. It is difficult to estimate how many children were born because of the Marocchinate. The mayor of Esperia, a commune in the Province of Frosinone, said that 700 women out of 2,500 residents were raped in his town, resulting in numerous deaths. According to Italian victims' unions, Goumiers raped about 7,000 civilians, including children. Baris believes the figure of twelve thousand women raped offered by the Communist women's organization Unione Donne Italiane is credible, in contrast to the two thousand women reported by the Italian Senate.
Alphonse Juin
Alphonse Pierre Juin, a senior French Army commander, rose to become Marshal of France. He graduated from the Military Special School class of 1912 and served in Morocco in 1914 as commander of native troops. When World War I broke out, he was transported to France's Western Front, where he was severely wounded in 1915. He could no longer use his right arm because of the wound. After the war, he went to the Superior School of War. He decided to serve again in North Africa. After the commencement of World War II in September 1939, he took command of the 15th Motorized Infantry Division. During the Battle of France, Juin was captured after his division was encircled in the Lille pocket. He was a prisoner of war until 1941 when he was liberated by the Vichy Government and appointed to head French forces in North Africa. Following Operation Torch, the British and American invasion of Algeria and Morocco in November 1942, Juin directed French forces in Tunisia to combat the Germans and Italians. His exceptional abilities were demonstrated during the Italian campaign as commander of the French Expeditionary Corps.
His experience in mountain warfare was critical in overcoming the Gustav Line, which had stalled the Allied assault for six months. Following this service, he became Chief of Staff for the French forces and represented France at the San Francisco Conference. In 1947, he returned to Africa as France's Resident-General in Morocco, where he fought Moroccan efforts to attain independence. He then advanced to a prominent NATO position, commanding CENTAG until 1956. During his NATO leadership, he was elevated to Marshal of France in 1952. He was strongly opposed to Charles De Gaulle's decision to grant Algeria independence and was "retired" in 1962 as a result. He was the French Army's last living marshal of France until his death in Paris in 1967, at which point he was buried at the “Les Invalides” cemetery.
