HISTORY
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The Old Turkic script was the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates.
The script is named after the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia where early 8th-century inscriptions were discovered in an 1889 expedition by Nikolai Yadrintsev.
These Orkhon inscriptions were published by Vasily Radlov and deciphered by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen in 1893.
Many scientists, starting with Vilhelm Thomsen (1893), suggested that Orkhon script is derived from descendants of the Aramaic alphabet in particular via the Pahlavi and Sogdian alphabets of Persia, or possibly via Kharosthi used to write Sanskrit.
The website of the Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan lists 54 inscriptions from the Orkhon area, 106 from the Yenisei area, 15 from the Talas area, and 78 from the Altai area. The most famous of the inscriptions are the two monuments (obelisks) which were erected in the Orkhon Valley between 732 and 735 in honor of the Göktürk prince Kül Tigin and his brother the emperor Bilge Kağan.
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ALPHABET (*Yenisei Variant)
𐰀 = A
from Orkhon A

𐰀⁚ = Â
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰂 = Ä
from Yenisei Ä

𐰂⁚ = Ä̂
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰉 = B
from Orkhon B back vowel

𐰕 = C
repurposed from Yenisei Z

𐰲 = Ç
from Orkhon Ç

𐰑 = D
from Orkhon D back vowel

𐰒 = Ḑ
repurposed from Yenisei D back vowel, reserved for Karaim Ḑ or Cyrillic Ѕ

𐰅 = E
from Orkhon E

𐰅⁚ = Ê
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰊 = F
repurposed from Yenisei B back vowel

𐰏 = G
from Orkhon G front vowel

𐰍 = Ğ
from Orkhon Ğ back vowel

𐰎 = H
repurposed from Yenisei Ğ back vowel

𐰃 = I
from Orkhon I

𐰃⁚ = Î
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰄 = İ
from Yenisei I

𐰄⁚ = İ̂
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰳 = J
repurposed from Yenisei Ç

𐰚 = K
from Orkhon K front vowel

𐰞 = L
from Orkhon L back vowel

𐰟 = Ļ
repurposed from Yenisei L back vowel, reserved for Karaim Ļ or Cyrillic Љ

𐰢 = M
from Orkhon M

𐰣 = N
from Orkhon N back vowel

𐰭 = Ñ
from Orkhon Ñ

𐰪 = Ņ
from Orkhon Ņ, reserved for Karaim Ņ or Cyrillic Њ

𐰗 = O
repurposed from Yenisei Y back vowel

𐰗⁚ = Ô
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰘 = Ö
repurposed from Orkhon Y front vowel

𐰘⁚ = Ö̂
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰯 = P
from Orkhon P

𐰴 = Q
from Orkhon Q back vowel

𐰺 = R
from Orkhon R back vowel

𐰽 = S
from Orkhon S back vowel

𐰾 = Ś
repurposed from Orkhon S front vowel, reserved for Bashkir Cyrillic Ҫ

𐱁 = Ş
from Orkhon Ş

𐱃 = T
from Orkhon T back vowel

𐱄 = Ţ
repurposed from Yenisei T back vowel, reserved for Gagauz Ţ or Cyrillic Ц

𐰆 = U
from Orkhon U

𐰆⁚ = Û
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰈 = Ü
from Yenisei Ü

𐰈⁚ = Ü̂
repurposed from Old Turkic word-separator to indicate long vowel

𐰋 = V
repurposed from Orkhon B front vowel

𐰙 = W
repurposed from Yenisei Y front vowel

𐰐 = X
repurposed from Yenisei K front vowel

𐰖 = Y
from Orkhon Y back vowel

𐰔 = Z
from Orkhon Z

𐰓 = Ź
repurposed from Orkhon D front vowel, reserved for Bashkir Cyrillic Ҙ

⸮ = ?
reversed question mark

⹁ = ,
reversed comma

CREDIT: [ Ссылка ]
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SOURCE:
WIKIPEDIA
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OMIGLOT
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ARCHIVES
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