A blue moon is an additional full moon that appears in a subdivision of a year: the third of four full moons in a season.

The phrase in modern usage has nothing to do with the actual color of the Moon, although a visually blue Moon (the Moon appearing with a bluish tinge) may occur under certain atmospheric conditions—for instance, if volcanic eruptions or fires release particles in the atmosphere of just the right size to preferentially scatter red light.

Taken at Rancho San Antonio Open Space Preserve in Cupertino, CA

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