Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. In addition, testosterone is involved in health and well-being, and the prevention of osteoporosis.
Insufficient levels of testosterone in men can lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss. Testosterone is also used as a medication to treat male hypogonadism and certain types of breast cancer. Since testosterone levels decrease as men age, testosterone is sometimes used in older men to counteract this deficiency.
It is also important to note that while testosterone therapy can help improve symptoms in men with low levels of the hormone, it can also come with risks. Potential side effects of testosterone therapy may include increased risk of cardiovascular problems, sleep apnea, prostate growth, and high red blood cell count, among others.
In females, testosterone is produced in much smaller amounts. It is involved in the maintenance of ovarian function and bone strength, and it also influences behavior.
Testosterone production can be artificially stimulated in transgender men as part of the hormone therapy process to promote the appearance of male secondary sex characteristics.
As a performance-enhancing drug, testosterone and its derivatives (anabolic steroids) have been used illicitly by athletes to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. However, this use is considered illegal in many sports and is associated with a range of health risks and side effects.
Testosterone levels can be measured through blood tests, and treatment for low testosterone (Low T) can involve hormone replacement therapy under the careful guidance of a healthcare professional.
Before starting any hormone therapy, it is critical for individuals to discuss the potential benefits and risks with their doctors, as hormone balance is intricate, and the impact of therapy can be significant.
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