Formal:
Hello / Здравствуйте
Good day / Добрый день
Good evening /Добрый вечер
Welcome / Добро пожаловать
Good time of the day / Доброго времени суток

Informal:
Hi / Привет
Hi (soft) / Приветик
Hi (tough) / Здорово

Both formal and informal:
Good morning /Доброе утро

We use formal greetings in 3 types of situations.

1) At work with our colleagues, at some official meetings, gatherings, conferences and so on, in an overall formal environment.
2) When we talk to people significantly older than us.
3) When we talk to strangers and people who we don't know very well.

We use informal greetings in three types of situations as well.

1) In any kind of free, informal environment.
2) When we talk to children (also when children talk to other children).
3) When we talk to people we have a close relationship with.

There are always, of course, some special situations where you have to decide for yourself which is better - formal or informal.

For example, we will most likely use informal greetings to address our close relatives regardless of their age. I, for example, have a grandmother who I address informally even tho she is 65 years old. I also have an uncle who I address formally although he is just 35 years old because we are not that close.

Also, if you are at a party (where everything is extremely informal), you will use informal greetings even if you talk to complete strangers.

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