During the Great Famine (1845-1852) a quarter of Ireland's population departed the Emerald Isle. With over a million Irish dead from disease and starvation, two million Irish settled in America after ocean voyages on 5000 ships paid for by British landowners. Settling near major port cities Boston, New York City and Philadelphia, the Irish were vilified for their Catholicism. Refused entry in American schools and jobs, the Irish worked hard nevertheless, digging ditches, cleaning floors, mining, doing laundry and joining the U.S. Army. American cities were stunned to see tens of thousands of starving Irish they could neither house nor pay for. American protestant movements such as the No Nothings rose up and effectively lobbied for American nativist policy. The U.S. Civil War would splinter such nativism. Sharing a language, work ethic, family values, artistic appreciation, diet and some traditions, the Irish inspired an American-Irish legacy that continues today.

Sources:

"When America Despised the Irish", the History Channel, [ Ссылка ]

"Irish Ships to America: Famous Ships of Irish Immigrants", Irish American Journey, [ Ссылка ]

Church of St Philip Neri website, churchofstphilipneri.org; accessed June 9, 2016.

Patrick Grubbs, "Riots (1830s and 1840s)" Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia (2018)

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