This lesson discusses the definition of respiratory distress or failure and how they are recognized. Respiratory distress proves challenging when an individual is breathing, but not actually breathing effectively. The PALS manual has corresponding tables. Signs and symptoms are also explained.

"Respiratory distress is a condition in which pulmonary activity is insufficient to bring oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide from the blood. Challenge arises with the recognition of respiratory distress when the individual appears to be breathing, but is not actually breathing effectively. Proper rate and depth of breathing is important to assess when evaluating whether the
person is effectively breathing. The two main actions involved in breathing are ventilation and oxygenation, signs and symptoms of which you can review in your corresponding PALS manual in the table in Figure 11.

If the individual is in respiratory distress, their airway will open without support. Other signs and symptoms include tachypnea, increased respiratory effort, clear lung sounds, tachycardia, agitation, and pale and variable.

If the individual is in respiratory failure, the airway could be possibly obstructed. Other signs and symptoms include slow breathing or no breathing effort, abnormal lung sounds, bradycardia, failure to respond, and cyanotic and variable.

In some instances, breath sounds can provide information about the source of the breathing problem. Abnormal breath sounds include stridor, grunting, wheezing, crackles, and absent/decreased breath sounds. For information on the source of breathing problem associated with each breath sound, consult Table 11 in your corresponding PALS manual."

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