Introduction
Chloramphenicol were initially obtained from Streptomyces Venezuela in 1947. Nitrobenzene substituent responsible for the antibacterial activity. It is bacteriostatic but in high concentration bactericidal effect.

Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacteria protein synthesis. Interfere with the transfer of the elongation peptide chain to be newly attached aminoacyl-tRNA at the ribosome.
It specifically attaches to the 50S ribosome.
At high concentration exert cidal effect on same bacteria e.g. H. Influenza.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics active against some organisms gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, rickettsia, mycoplasma.

Pharmacokinetics
Rapidly and completely obsorbed after ingestion.
50-60% bound to plasma protein
Widely distributed
Crosses placenta and secreted in bile and milk
Ferly penetrate serous cavities and blood-brain barrier.

c. Adverse effects
Bone marrow depression
Hypersensitivity reaction
Irrelative effects
Superinfection
Gray baby syndrome

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