If The gums bleed when you clean your teeth, and sometimes for no obvious reason too.
It means gum inflammation.
The most common cause of inflamed gums is plaque.
Dental plaque is the community of microorganisms found on a tooth surface.
Dental plaque causes breakdown of teeth. Which is called Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries.
Half of world population has dental caries.
Caries is associated with increases in the proportions of acidogenic bacteria, especially mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, which are capable of demineralizing enamel
These bacteria can rapidly metabolize dietary sugars to acid, creating locally a low pH.
These organisms grow and metabolize optimally at low pH.
They become dominant bacteria on the tooth.
They creating acid, which destroys tooth surface.
Simple sugars in food are these bacteria's primary energy source.
and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.
So, it is important what we eat. Eating Sugars almost directly means dental Plaque.
Once a cavity forms, the lost tooth structure cannot be regenerated
Tooth decay can be different colors. From yellow to black.
A lesion that appears dark brown and shiny suggests dental caries were once present but the demineralization process has stopped, leaving a stain.
Active decay is lighter in color and dull in appearance.
Symptoms:
Once the decay passes through enamel, passages to the nerve of the tooth, become exposed, resulting in pain that can be transient.
Pain temporarily worsening with exposure to heat, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
When the decay has progressed enough, pulp tissue is damaged, in the center of the tooth, a toothache can result and the pain will become more constant.
The tooth will no longer be sensitive to hot or cold, but can be very tender to pressure.
Dental caries can also cause bad breath.
In highly progressed cases, an infection can spread from the tooth to the surrounding soft tissues.
Prevention:
The primary approach to dental hygiene care consists of tooth-brushing and flossing.
to remove and prevent the formation of plaque or dental biofilm.
Although, Effectiveness of flossing is controversial.
Additional aids include interdental brushes, water picks, and mouthwashes.
Higher concentrations of fluoride (1,000 ppm) in toothpaste also helps prevents tooth decay.
xylitol in chewing gum used for preventing caries, but its effectiveness is unclear.
Treatment:
Noncavitated lesions can be arrested and remineralization.
Changes to the diet (reduction in frequency of refined sugars),
improved oral hygiene (toothbrushing twice per day with fluoride toothpaste and daily flossing), and regular application of topical fluoride.
Immunoglobulin Y against Streptococcus mutans.
Once a lesion has cavitated, especially if dentin is involved, dental restoration is usually indicated ("operative treatment").
The removal of the decayed tooth is performed if the tooth is too far destroyed from the decay process to effectively restore the tooth.
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