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EVERY CELL A UNIVERSE is my new YouTube channel dedicated to the wonders of the microscopic natural world. I explore how life works and what we can do with this knowledge.
Where botox comes from and how botox works? Botox or botulinum toxin is produced by botulinum clostridium bacteria and it is the most toxic substance on earth. Botox bacteria are all around us in the soil and the water, but exist as bacterial spores that are not dangerous to us. They can get dangerous when there’s no oxygen. Canned foods can get the bacterial spores inside and the bacteria turns from spore to its bacterial state and poisons the food.
Botox is a neurotoxin, it the affects the connection between muscles and nerves. Here botox blocks the release of acetylcholine, one kind of a neurotransmitter. This paralyzes the muscle.
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Resources
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Rossetto, O., Pirazzini, M., & Montecucco, C. (2014). Botulinum neurotoxins: genetic, structural and mechanistic insights. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12(8), 535–549. [ Ссылка ]
Jankovic, J. (2017). Botulinum toxin: State of the art. Movement Disorders, 32(8), 1131–1138. [ Ссылка ]
Dahlsten, E. (2013). GENETIC MECHANISMS OF STRESS RESPONSE AND SPORULATION IN CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
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Credits
Cell images in channel intro adapted from photos by:
Howard Vindin CC BY-SA 4.0
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID) CC BY 2.0
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Other images:
Clostridium botulinum - Dr. Holdeman, USCDCP
Image of bacteria and spores - CDC (PHIL #2107)
Bacillus spores, both images - Janice Haney Carr, Laura Rose, USCDCP
Neuromuscular junction electron microscopy – J Heuser
Image of dumbbell adapted from original work by Hamza Butt (CC BY 2.0)
