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The story of the Roman Emperor Elagabalus is one of the most unambiguously trans stories to come from the ancient Mediterranean. Having ascended to the throne in the year 218 CE, at just fourteen years old, things were never going to go well for her. But what is it exactly that gives her such a famously bad historical reputation?

Are the stories of her murdering babies true?

Was she really as depraved as her reputation suggests?

What exactly was it that made her so hated by her contemporaries?

Was she even actually trans?

Trans people have always existed, but was Elagabalus one of us?

In this episode of We Have Always Existed, we explore the life of Elagabalus through a queer lens, why the Romans thought she was so terrible, why she might not have actually been trans, and the parallels between her treatment and the treatment of modern trans people.

If you're able, consider supporting this channel on Patreon. Your support helps me get better video equipment and get better at making these essays. It starts at just a buck a month.

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Prologue - 00:00
Chapter 1: Introduction - 03:03
Chapter 2: Primary Sources - 26:08
Chapter 2a: The Historia Augusta - 26:42
Chapter 2b: Cassius Dio - 32:09
Chapter 2c: Herodian of Antioch - 35:26
Chapter 3: Why Was She So Hated? - 37:23
Chapter 4: Maybe Not? - 44:45
Chapter 4a: Argument I - 45:58
Chapter 4b: Argument II - 49:55
Chapter 5: So Was She Trans Or Not? - 54:52
Credits & Patreon - 1:01:41

All voices by Sophie Edwards

This video was filmed in the territory of the Chippewa of the Thames, the Oneida of the Thames, & the Muncey Delaware nations. I am immensely grateful to the stewards of this land & hope to work toward healing wounds & creating a more equitable world.

Ancient Sources:
►St. Augustine – City Of God, John Healey translation
►Cassius Dio – Historia Romana, Loeb Classical Library translation
►Herodian – History Of The Roman Empire, Edward C. Echols translation
►Historia Augusta, Loeb Classical Library translation

Modern Sources:
►Barnes, T.D - The Lost Kaisergeschichte And The Latin Historical Tradition. 1970
►Bartsch-Zimmer, Shadi - The Romans, Just Wars, And Exceptionalism. 2017
►Brooks, Thomas R, Stephen Reysen, and Jennifer Shaw - Smashing Back Doors in: Negative Attitudes toward Bottoms within the Gay Community. 2017
►Dirty Old Coins - Coins Of The Roman Emperors: Who’s Rarest? 2014 (admittedly an imperfect source)
►Icks, Martijn - The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. 2011
►Kemezis, Adam. The Fall Of Elagabalus As Literary Narrative And Political Reality: A Reconsideration. 2016
►Rowan, Clare - Under Divine Auspices: Divine Ideology and the Visualisation of Imperial Power in the Severan Period. 2012
►Weisner, Lauren - The Social Effect The Law Had On Prostitutes In Ancient Rome. 2014

Silent Film Footage Used:
►Ben-Hur: A Tale Of The Christ. Directed by Fred Niblo, performances by Ramon Novarro, May McAvoy, & Betty Bronson. 1925
►The Coronation Of Pope Pius XII. Newsreel footage, featuring American George Cardinal Mundelein & Dennis Cardinal Dougherty. 1939
►Douglas Fairbanks In Robin Hood. Directed by Allan Dwan, performances by Douglas Fairbanks, Wallace Beery, & Sam DeGrasse. 1922.
►L'Orgie Romaine (A Roman Orgy). Directed by Louis Feuillade, performances by Jean Ayme, Louise Lagrange, & Luitz-Morat. 1911.
►Nerone, o la caduta di Roma (Nero, or The Fall Of Rome). Directed by Luigi Maggi & Arturo Ambrosio, performances by Alberto Capozzi, Lydia De Roberti, & Luigi Maggi. 1909

Audio Used:
►Title theme: Black Tar - Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
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►Mellow Out by Ghostrifter Official
►Sundown Drive by Ghostrifter Official
►Downtown Glow by Ghostrifter Official & Devyzed
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►Lucid Dreaming by e s c p
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Music promoted by [ Ссылка ] CC4.0
►Wild Strawberry by Purrple Cat | [ Ссылка ]
Music promoted on [ Ссылка ] CC3.0

All other assets used are public domain or created by Sophie Edwards

Special thanks to Mia Mulder, who released her video on Elagabalus while I was editing this one.

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