#StepPyramid #PyramidOfDjoser #OldestPyramid
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00:00 Opening monologue
00:56 Pre-dynastic Egypt
02:56 First Dynasties
04:48 Third Dynasty, Old Kingdom
06:00 Step Pyramid of Djoser
08:55 Wall
09:21 Entrance
10:26 South Court & South Tomb
11:29 T Tomb & Heb-Sed Court
13:12 Mortuary Temple
13:41 Serdab with the sealed statue of Djoser
14:29 How was the Pyramid of Djoser constructed?
16:37 Earthquake 1992 & Renovation of the damaged Pyramid
18:39 Reopening Step Pyramid of Djoser
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country and alongside Mesopotamia was a part of the Fertile Crescent which is considered to be one of the cradles of civilization.
The most famous monuments in Egypt are the pyramids, these ancient structures still fascinate people in this day and age.
The Step Pyramid of King Djoser at Saqqara is the oldest large-scale monumental stone structure in not only Egypt, but the entire world.
Around 6.000 BCE ancient Egypt was divided into 2 regions, Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt to the North, where the Nile forms its several branches to form the Nile Delta.
The names Upper and Lower come from the flow of the Nile from the Highlands of East Africa towards the Mediterranean Sea.
The upper and lower communities co-existed for more than 2000 years, their cultures remained distinct even though they maintained frequent contact through trade.
The unification of the realm is credited to Narmer, on the Narmer palette the King is depicted on one side wearing the Red Crown and on the other side he wears the White crown, therefore showing his rule over both lands.
The earliest known evidence of Hieroglyphs appears to date from the pre-dynastic period of Naqada 3 pottery vessels from 3200 BCE.
These structures were built mostly of wood and mud bricks, with some small use of stone for walls and floors and they are known as mastaba's.
Mastaba means House of eternity and it was an ancient Egyptian structure in the form of a flat roofed rectangular structure with inward facing sloping sides which were constructed out of mud bricks.
These structures marked the burial sites of pharaoh’s and many highly revered Egyptians in the early dynastic period and in the Old Kingdom.
The first Pharaoh of the Old Kingdom is Djoser, who at the time was only known by his Horus name Netjerikhet, which means Divine of Body.
Djoser was the son of Khasekhemwy and his wife Nimaethap.
And he is widely believed to be the founder of the Third dynasty.
One of the most famous contemporaries of King Djoser was his chief official, otherwise known as Vizier, Imhotep.
Who was the head of the royal shipyard and overseer of all stone works, a high priest to the Sun God Ra, a physician and talented architect and was later deified.
Construction on the step pyramid of Djoser began in 2670 BCE, construction was supervised by Imhotep, the pyramid was made from limestone and it’s near the centre of a funerary complex.
The funerary complex is oriented in a North-South direction, and it’s in total 15 hectares.
It used to be surrounded by an enclosing wall, in the known form of a palace facade, that included 15 doors of which 14 were symbolic and one was the true entrance.
The Step pyramid is located in a seismically active area and it gets affected by the frequent earthquakes.
The pyramid of Djoser stood strong for Millennia, until an earthquake of 5.8 on the Richter scale hit the area in 1992.
The elaborate interior of the pyramid significantly threatened the structural integrity because the foundation was nearly decimated by the earthquake.
So in the past 14 years the Pyramid of Djoser underwent a massive renovation which cost the Egyptian government 6.6 million US dollars.
Music: Adrian Von Ziegler – Relaxing Arabic music desert magic
footage:
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Sources:
Trace the evolution of funerary architecture from the
Predynastic pit-grave, through the development of the mastaba tomb, up to (and including) the development of Djoser's Step Pyramid. By Ernesto Graf
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