Kyrie eleison is the common name of an important prayer in the Christian liturgy, also called "Lord, have mercy": Kyrie is the vocative case of the Greek noun κύριος (kyrios: "Lord") and means "O Lord!", while that Eleison, in Greek ἐλέησον, is an aorist imperative of the verb ἐλεέω "to feel sorry for." Its origin is very ancient, even pre-Christian.
The Kyrie eleison invocation was already known in Christian antiquity. Kyrios refers to God. In the Psalms (6,3; 40,5.11) and Prophets (Is 33,2; Bar 3,2) we find this same invocation. Through it, honor, homage and recognition were paid to him who was powerful.1​

Later Kyrie eleison is an expression constantly used in all Christian liturgies. Flavius ​​Arrian quotes it in the 2nd century: "Invoking God we say Kyrie eleison" (Diatribae Epicteri, II, 7).

Duration: 43 seconds.0:43
Kyrie eleison (Gregorian chant)
The Kyrie eleison is one of the oldest songs of Gregorian chant (this is deduced from its Greek text). It has a triple exclamation structure:

to. Kyrie eleison.
b. Christe eleison.
to. Kyrie eleison.
It is part of the ordinary or common part of the mass, that is, the part that is present in almost all masses of the year. The litany of saints begins with this invocation.

Neither the Apostolic Fathers nor the apologists mention the kyrie eleison. The first sure example of its use in the liturgy is in the eighth book of the "Apostolic Constitutions." Here is the response of the people to the various Synaptai (litanies) sung by the deacon (Brightman, "Eastern Liturgies", pp. 4 and 5; cf. "Const. Ap.", VIII, VI, 4). This remains its normal use in Eastern rites. The deacon sings several clauses of a litany, to each of which the people respond, kirie eleison. Of the Greek Fathers of the 4th century, Eusebius, Saint Athanasius, Basil, Saint Cyril of Jerusalem and the two Gregorys (Nazianzus and Nyssa), none mention her. But it appears often in Saint John Chrysostom.

Its inclusion in the Roman Mass has been much discussed. It is true that the liturgy in Rome was at one time said in Greek (apparently until the end of the second century). It's tempting to consider our Kyrie Eleison a surviving fragment from that era. However, that does not seem to be the case. Rather the form was borrowed from the East and introduced into the Latin Mass later. The oldest Latin Fathers, Tertullian, Cyprian, etc., do not mention it. Etheria (Silvia) heard it sung in Jerusalem in the 4th century. It is evidently a strange form for her, and she translates it: "As the deacon says the names of various people (the intercession) a group of boys remain standing and always respond, kirie eleison, as if we were saying, Miserere Domine." (ed. Heraeus, Heidelberg, 1908, XXIV, 5, p. 29).

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