Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC):
* Rare immunodeficiency disorder
* Recurrent or persistent infections of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes caused by Candida species
* T-cell dysfunction leads to inability to clear fungal infection
* Impaired cell-mediated immunity against Candida species
* Absent in vitro T-cell proliferation in response to Candida antigens
* Absent cutaneous reaction to Candida antigens
* Classic form of CMC caused by defects in AIRE gene
* AIRE gene is responsible for regulating the immune system's response to self-antigens
* Defects in AIRE gene lead to autoimmunity against self-antigens, including Candida
* Persistent noninvasive Candida albicans infections of skin and mucous membranes
* Recurrent oral thrush
* Nail infections
* Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Treatments:
* antifungal therapy
* Prophylactic antifungal therapy may also be recommended to prevent the recurrence of infections
* Immune support measures may be necessary, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in severe cases
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