IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) are two versions of the Internet Protocol (IP), the protocol that defines how computers and other devices communicate over a network. While both protocols serve the same basic purpose, they differ in several key aspects:
Address size: IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. This means that IPv6 has a much larger address space than IPv4, allowing for a much larger number of unique addresses.
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Address format: IPv4 addresses are represented as four decimal numbers separated by dots, while IPv6 addresses are represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. An example of an IPv4 address is 192.0.2.1, and an example of an IPv6 address is 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.
Address allocation: IPv4 addresses are assigned by regional Internet registries, while IPv6 addresses are assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Address autoconfiguration: IPv6 supports address autoconfiguration, which allows devices to automatically configure their own addresses based on the network they are connected to. This eliminates the need for manual configuration of addresses or the use of a DHCP server.
Security: IPv6 includes support for IPsec, a suite of protocols for secure communication over IP networks. IPv4 does not include built-in support for security, but security protocols such as SSL and TLS can be used on top of it.
Mobility: IPv6 includes support for mobility, allowing devices to maintain their connections as they move between networks. IPv4 does not include built-in support for mobility, but mobility protocols such as Mobile IP can be used on top of it.
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