Chad provides a comprehensive introduction on the classification of monosaccharides. This includes distinguishing between aldoses and ketoses as well as identifying monosaccharides as trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, or heptoses based upon how many carbon atoms they have. The stereochemistry of monosaccharides is discusses including how to distinguish between D and L sugars and how to identify enantiomers, diastereomers, and epimers. Finally, the cyclization of monosaccharides as hemiacetals is discussed at length including how to draw the cyclic forms as either Haworth projections or chair conformations. Anomers and mutarotation are discussed, and Chad shows how to identify the anomeric carbon and to identify whether it is in the alpha or beta conformation for both D and L sugars. Finally, cyclization to form both pyranoses and furanoses are described.
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00:00 Introduction to Carbohydrates and Monosaccharides
02:31 Aldoses vs Ketoses
03:35 Trioses, Tetroses, Pentoses, Hexoses, and Heptoses
04:20 Stereochemistry: D vs L
08:33 Diastereomers and Epimers
10:59 Cyclization of Monosaccharides and Anomers
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