2023 ESC Acute Coronary Syndrome Guidelines

How to define chest pain
What is chest pain
European Society of Cardiology guidelines
Cardiology lectures
Chest pain
Heart attack pain
Myocardial infarction
Angina, the ischemic chest pain
Unstable angina
Stable angina


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Heart Attack | Heart Attack Symptoms | Heart Attack vs Heart Burn | Atherosclerosis| Myocardial Infarction | Acid reflux | Chest pain



A heart attack occurs when the flow of blood to the heart is severely reduced or blocked. Like all other tissues in our body heart muscles also need oxygen-rich blood to function properly. Now the arteries wrapping around the heart are called coronary arteries which supply the oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

Coronary artery disease is the main cause of heart attack. The blockage of arteries is usually due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. The fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits are called plaques. The process of plaque buildup is called atherosclerosis.

Sometimes, a plaque can rupture and form a clot that blocks blood flow. A lack of blood flow, typically caused by a blockage in a coronary artery, can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle. When a part of your heart can’t pump because it’s dying from lack of blood flow, it can disrupt the pumping sequence for your entire heart. That reduces or even stops blood flow to the rest of your body, which can be deadly if not addressed in time

A heart attack is also called a myocardial infarction.

A less common cause is a severe spasm, or sudden contraction, of a coronary artery that can stop blood flow to the heart muscle.

Signs and symptoms of heart attack:

Chest pain was thought to be a universal symptom of heart attacks for a long time, but in reality, the symptoms vary based on several factors, including gender, age, and health profile.

A lot of heart damage happens in the first 2 hours pursuing a heart attack. The
The most typical symptom is mild pain or discomfort in your chest that may come and go, which is also called “faltering” chest pain. Occasionally it feels like an elephant is sitting on your chest.

You may encounter upper body pain or discomfort, including arms, left shoulder, back, neck, jaw, or stomach.

Your heart may beat faster or irregular

You may have stomach pain that feels like indigestion

Shortness of breath, which may leave you feeling like you can’t get enough air, even when you’re resting

You may also encounter unexplained sweating

Heart attack symptoms in Women:

Chest pain
extraordinary fatigue lasting for several days or sudden intense fatigue
sleep disturbances
anxiety
lightheadedness
shortness of breath
indigestion or gas-like pain
upper back, shoulder, or throat pain
jaw pain or pain that spreads up to your jaw

Now one of the most significant concerns is how to know if it is heartburn or heart attack as both can have identical symptoms.

Well, there are some fundamental differences which will help you to distinguish them
Location of pain: In a heart attack, the pain is usually felt in the center or left side of the chest, and may spread to other areas like the arms, jaw, neck, back, or stomach. In heartburn, the pain is usually felt in the upper abdomen and may spread out to the chest or throat.

Nature of pain: In a heart attack, the pain is often described as a tightness, pressure, squeezing, or heaviness in the chest, and may be attended by shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, vomiting, or lightheadedness. In heartburn, the pain is usually a burning or gnawing sensation that is worsened by eating, lying down, or bending over.

Duration of symptoms: In a heart attack, the pain typically lasts for more than a few minutes, and may come and go or persist continuously. It may not go away with rest or antacid medications

In heartburn, the pain usually lasts for a few minutes to several hours and can be relieved by taking antacids or changing positions.

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