Stable carbon isotope ratios- fluctuations throughout various environmental systems today and throughout Earth's history. Also, common carbon isotopic proxies and their applications, including proxies for determining the origin of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere today (fossil fuel emissions) giving definitive proof that humans are to blame for climate change / global warming. Also: carbon isotope basics, carbon 12, 13, 14, stable versus radioactive isotopes, heavy versus light isotopes, carbon isotope fractionation, photosynthesis favors light carbon isotope (but differently in C3 and C4 plants as well as other photosynthetic organisms), carbonate fossil C composition, graphite, stromatolites, tree rings, etc!

Stable isotopes textbook reference: [ Ссылка ]

GEO GIRL Website: [ Ссылка ] (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!)

0:00 Carbon isotope basics
2:13 How C isotopes are distributed in the environment
3:26 How plants fractionate C isotopes
4:17 Using C isotopes to reconstruct paleoclimate
5:18 C isotopes in fossil fuels
6:18 Distinct fingerprint of human C emissions
7:00 C isotopes in ancient atmosphere (CO2)
8:22 C isotopes in ancient fossils (CaCO3)
12:44 C isotope evidence for the oldest life on Earth?!
13:31 C isotopes in paleosol nodules (abiotic CaCO3)
14:17 C isotopes in ancient pollen (palynology, CaCO3)

C isotope fractionation in marine organisms references:
[ Ссылка ]00129-5
[ Ссылка ]90097-4
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C isotope fractionation during Photosynthesis references:
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Interpretation of C isotope excursions throughout Earth History reference:
[ Ссылка ]00086-8
C isotope fractionation during CO2 air to ocean transfer reference:
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Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
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Geology rock hammer: [ Ссылка ]
Geological compass: [ Ссылка ]
Geological hand lens: [ Ссылка ]
Camera: [ Ссылка ]
Carbon-neutral pencil bag: [ Ссылка ]
Carbon-neutral backpack: [ Ссылка ]

Image sources:
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