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Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 Minute Classroom and today we're gonna talk about macromolecules.
Macromolecules are large structures that make up all living organisms. All macromolecules have small subunits called monomers which bind together to form larger units called polymers. There are four classes of macromolecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. I'll talk about each of these, in turn, starting with carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are the main fuel source for most living things as well as a structural component for many plants. The monomers for carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, saccharide means sugar so monosaccharides one sugar. These are simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and ribose. Then your polymers are called polysaccharides and they're long chains of monomers or monosaccharides. There are storage carbohydrates like starch in plants, and glycogen in animals for energy storage. And then structural like cellulose and plants and chitin in insects.
Moving on to lipids. Lipids have a variety of functions in living organisms and there's a lot of things lumped into the category of lipids because they're all hydrophobic. All right some functions include energy storage, cell membrane formation, and steroid function. They have no real monomers, they're just kind of they just are what they are. So fats include triglycerides and saturated unsaturated fats. You also have phospholipids which form the cellular membranes. Then steroids which include all sex hormones and all the steroids form from a cholesterol base. All those are included in lipids, so it's pretty diverse.
Then you have proteins. proteins are involved in nearly all cellular functions and are a major part of all living organisms. Their monomers are called amino acids and there are 20 different amino acids. Their polymers are called polypeptides, you bind amino acids together to get polypeptides. The protein structure results from folding which determines the function.
Lastly, you have nucleic acids. Nucleic acids store, transmit and express genetic information. Their monomers are called nucleotides like adenine, guanine, and thymine. you may be familiar with these terms from studying DNA and RNA. And that's what their polymers are they're called polynucleotides and they're strands of DNA and RNA.
