Animation - German submarine in action, attack on a convoy in the Atlantic, World War II U-Boot
In the early stages of the war, U-boats were very effective at destroying Allied cargo, especially in the mid-Atlantic where there was no stable air cover. There was an active movement of military supplies and foodstuffs across the Atlantic, which was critical to the survival of Britain. These relentless attacks forced the British to adopt new means of defense and detection, such as sonar and radar, and the German U-boats responded by developing what would become known as "Wolf Packs", where several submarines act together and at close range to sink a specific target with greater assurance. Later, when the US joined the war, U-boats extended their reach to the US Atlantic coast, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Arctic to the western and southern coasts of Africa, as far east as Penang. The US military fought German raids on America using various tactics, including foreign military intelligence, and especially in the Caribbean, to prevent German U-boats from receiving support in local ports...
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