Cyprus is historically and culturally a Greek island, was first inhabited by the Mycenaean Greeks from around 1400 B.C., then was conquiered by Alexander the Great, and much later on, the Ottomans controlled most of its territory. It was later moved to Venetian, Ottoman control then gained it its independence from the United Kingdom in 1960. Despite a constitution which guaranteed a degree of power-sharing between the Greek Cypriot majority and the Turkish Cypriot minority, the two populations – with backing from the governments of Greece and Turkey, respectively, clashed in 1963/4 and 1974, with the end result being control of the northern and eastern 37% of the island by Turkey. In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared independence as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. So far, only Turkey recognizes the TRNC, while all other governments and the United Nations recognize only the government of the Republic of Cyprus over the whole island. The UN operates a peacekeeping force and a narrow buffer zone between the two Cypriot ethnic groups. Fortunately, open hostilities have been absent for some time, as the two sides (now with the growing involvement of the European Union) gradually inch towards a reunification of some sort.


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