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Loving v. Virginia | 388 U.S. 1 (1967)

On a hot summer night in 1958, law enforcement burst into the bedroom of Mildred and Richard Loving, and placed them under arrest. The Lovings had not gone on a crime spree, but they were public enemies in the eyes of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Loving were thrown in jail for getting married—an act prohibited in Virginia, all because the Lovings didn’t share the same skin color. The legal battle that followed culminated in the United States Supreme Court decision of Loving versus Virginia, which would forever cast the Lovings among the heroes of the Civil Rights Movement.

Richard Loving, a white man, and Mildred Loving, an African-American and Native-American woman, were married in Washington D.C. after falling in love as teenagers in rural Virginia. However, their return to Virginia and cohabitation as husband and wife violated the Commonwealth’s anti-miscegenation law, known as the Racial Integrity Act. The act forbade interracial marriages: specifically, marriages between white people and those who qualified as quote, “colored,” unquote. After their arrest, both Mr. and Mrs. Loving pled guilty to violating the anti-miscegenation law. Rather than serving one year in prison, the Lovings accepted a suspended sentence and were banished from Virginia for twenty-five years.

The Lovings later filed a motion to vacate the state court judgment, which the trial court denied. The Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals affirmed. The United States Supreme Court granted cert.

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