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Review of the FINAL part of Chapter 4 from Costanzo’s Medical Physiology Textbook that is titled: “Cardiovascular System” and covers the microcirculation, Temperature regulation, Chapter summary and Chapter Questions.
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QUESTION ANSWERS:
1) mmHg/mL per minute or mmHg/L per minute
2) 800 ms
3) Ventricular action potential; Calcium release from SR; Calcium binding to troponin C; Tension; Calcium accumulation by SR
4) 0.5
5) Isovolumic relaxation
6) Increase; increased
7) 77 mL
8) Net filtration; driving force is 9 mmHg
9) All will decrease
10) End diastolic volume (or preload)
11) Increased phosphorylation of phospholamban; Increased action potential duration
12) Phase 0
13) Excitability
14) Increased heart rate
15) Heart rate; resistance of cutaneous vascular beds; Angiotensin II levels
16) Decreased radius
17) Pulmonary
18) Increased contractility
19) Rapid ventricular ejection
20) Decreased; decreased
21) Decreased cardiac output caused by increased aortic pressure
22) Total resistance decreases from 3.33 to 2.5
23) Blood vessel "A"
24) Dicrotic notch: arterial pressure trace
beta 1 receptors: Sinoatrial node and ventricular muscle
Lmax: length-tension curve
Radius to the fourth power:Resistance of blood vessles or resistance equation
Phospholamban: Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Negative dromotropic effect: AV node
Pulse pressure: Arteries or arterial pressure
Normal automaticity: SA node
Ejection fraction: Ventricle
25) Rapid ejection, isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
26) Diameter of splanchnic arterioles, TPR
27) End systolic volume
28) Sympathetic effect to increase contractility
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