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The Nobel Prizes were established by Alfred Nobel as per his 1895 testament and are given to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." The first Nobel Prize was given in 1901, and since then, it has been provided for physics, chemistry, physiology/medicine, literature, and peace almost every year. In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences was established and has been provided since then by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) in memory of Alfred Nobel.
