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The main joint of the shoulder, commonly referred to as "THE shoulder joint", is the joint between the head of the humerus - the upper arm bone, and the glenoid cavity of the scapula -the shoulder blade. This is a ball-and-socket type of joint.
Shoulder arthritis refers to loss of cartilage on the surface of the humeral head and the glenoid of the shoulder joint. The two bones rub against each other and produce pain, stiffness and difficulty moving an arm.
Types of shoulder arthritis include:
Osteoarthritis - also called degenerative joint disease - is the "wear and tear" condition of the joint, commonly due to old age. Osteoarthritis is characterized by loss of cartilage, bone spurring and NO major inflammation.
Rheumatoid arthritis – is a result of inflammation of the synovium - the membrane that encloses the joint. Inflammation brings in the cells of the immune system, whose inflammatory chemicals damage and destroy the joint. It is not clear how rheumatoid arthritis starts but genetic predisposition together with infection of the joint are likely to be among the causes.
Rotator cuff arthropathy or cuff tear arthropathy is shoulder arthritis AS A RESULT and IN A SETTING of rotator cuff tears. Rotator cuff muscles hold the ball and the socket together and prevent the humeral head from moving out of the socket when the person raises an arm. In people with torn rotator cuff, the head of the humerus moves upwards and rub onto the acromion. This causes damages to the covering cartilage and eventually arthritis. Combination of cuff tear and arthritis is a devastating condition that seriously impairs functions of the shoulder joint.
Post-traumatic arthritis – is arthritis that develops after physical injury to the joint.
Chondrolysis - sudden loss of cartilage that happens occasionally after a shoulder surgery, commonly seen in association with infusion of local anesthetics into the joint for pain management.

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