Biopharmaceutics is a major branch in pharmaceutical sciences which relates between the physicochemical properties of a drug in dosage form and the pharmacology, toxicology, or clinical response observed after its administration. Drug efficacy and safety are dependent on the dosing regimen. The optimal dosage and dosing intervals can be quite different for different drugs. Moreover, for a single drug, the optimal dosage can be different widely between patients.
It is not sufficient to know what the drug does to the body; it is also crucial to know what the body does to the drug. The knowledge of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the drug and its metabolites in humans and animals is crucial to understand its different effects among species and for adjusting drug dosing.
The plasma concentration of the drug is the basic concept of pharmacokinetics. Based on protein binding of the drug, the concentration of free drug available in the circulation influences greatly the dose calculations. The concentration of drug in the plasma is in equilibrium with some tissues in the body.
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