RAFT or MAT FOUNDATIONS. A raft foundation, also called a mat foundation, is essentially a continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building and transferring its weight to the ground. ... This reduces the stress on the soil.
A Raft foundation is often used when the soil is weak, as it distributes the weight of the building over the entire area of the building, and not over smaller zones (like individual footings) or at individual points (like pile foundations). This reduces the stress on the soil.
HOW TO CONSTRUCT A RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATION
A raft foundation is constructed by first excavating the ground to a uniform, flat level.
Then, a waterproof plastic sheet is laid over the earth, and a thin 3" layer of plain cement concrete (PCC) is poured just to create a perfectly flat and level base for the foundation.
After this, a waterproofing layer is installed, and then reinforcement steel for the raft slab is tied in place. After all the steel has been put in place, concrete is poured to the desired thickness, which is usually in the range of 300 mm (12") to 600 mm (24") thick for small buildings: this can be much thicker if heavy loads are to be carried.
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