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A branch of chronobiology concerned with the effects of drugs on the timing of biologic events and rhythms, and the relation of biologic timing to the effects of drugs.
Chronopharmacology involves both the investigation of drug effects as a function of biologic timing and the investigation of drug effects upon rhythm characteristics. Chronopharmacology certainly holds promise for the creation of the most favourable conditions for drug effects and safety and may therefore represent an important method of improving the treatment of many diseases. The goal of chronopharmacology is to optimize the therapeutic effect and control or reduce the adverse effects without altering the functioning of the drug in the body. Pharmacologic chronotherapy is a developing science that holds much hope for increasing the effectiveness of drug therapy and for reducing the incidence of toxic drug reaction.
(1) Chronopharmacology = It is the science dealing with the optimizations of drug effect and the minimizations of adverse effects by timing medications in relation to biological rhythm Goal is to improve our understanding of periodic and thus predictable changes in both desired effects and tolerance of the medication. Chronopharmacologyis the investigative science concerned with the biological rhythm dependencies of medications.
(2) Chronobiology = It is the science dealing with the phenomenon of rhythmicity in living organisms is called Chronobiology. It is derived from Chronos (time), bios (life), and logos (the study of)--is the objective description of biological time structures and plays an important role in medicine. Circadian rhythms regulate the behaviour, physiology and function of living organisms at many biochemical levels.
(3) Circadian Rhythm = It is defined as oscillations in the biological, physiological and behavioural function of an organism with a periodicity of 24 hrs. The concepts of chronobiology and chronopharmacology have become more and more important in medical practice nowadays. Today, the circadian variation in blood pressure and heart rate as well as in the occurrence of acute cardiovascular disease is quite obvious (ischemia, infarction, stroke and sudden death).
(4) Chronokinetics= It is the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug according to the time of day, menstrual cycle or year.
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