Which ASPECT RATIO should you use in your mobile to capture quality images?
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What is Aspect Ratio?
In photography, aspect ratio represents the relationship between the width and the height of an image. It can be expressed as a number followed by a colon and followed by another number, such as 3:2, or by a decimal number such as 1.50 (which is simply the long side divided by the short side). Some even prefer to express aspect ratio as a decimal, followed by a colon and number 1, such as 1.50:1.

Common aspect ratios in photography
Common aspect ratios in photography
You can easily visualize any aspect ratio by allocating units to the width and the height of an image. For example, a 4:3 aspect ratio would consist of 4 equal size units for its width and 3 equal size units for its height. Similarly, an image with a 3:2 aspect ratio would be represented by 3 equal size units for its width vs 2 units for its height, as shown below:

4-3-Aspect-Ratio-vs-3-2
The aspect ratio is often determined by the form factor of the camera’s film / imaging sensor, which is practically always rectangular. The most common aspect ratios of modern digital camera sensors are 3:2 and 4:3. All modern full-frame and APS-C DSLR cameras have 3:2 aspect ratio sensors, whereas 4:3 is a popular choice among smartphone, Micro Four Thirds and some medium format camera manufacturers.

Nikon CMOS Sensor
Nikon’s CMOS sensors have a 3:2 aspect ratio
As discussed further down below, some cameras allow choosing different aspect ratios through the camera menu, providing cropping options other than the native one of the image sensor.

It is important to note that aspect ratio does not represent the physical size of an image, or its dimensions in pixels – it refers only to the relationship of its width to its height. For example, the aspect ratio of 3:2 could translate to an image that is 3 meters wide and 2 meters high, as well as 3 feet wide and 2 feet high. When looking at image dimensions in pixels, a 6000×4000 image from a 24 MP camera also has the same 3:2 aspect ratio.

Lastly, when aspect ratio is expressed in two numbers separated by a colon, the first number typically refers to the horizontal side of the image, whereas the second number refers to the vertical side. For example, 3:2 indicates a horizontal image captured in landscape orientation, whereas 2:3 refers to a vertical image captured in portrait orientation. When aspect ratio is expressed in decimal numbers such as 1.50 or 1.50:1, it ignores the orientation of the image.

Why Aspect Ratio is Important
Understanding the fundamentals of aspect ratio is very important, because of the way it affects your final image. This can be especially critical at the time of physically capturing a photograph.

For example, if you capture an image with a camera in its native 4:3 aspect ratio and cram your subject or important elements of the scene to the edges of the frame, you might not be able to crop the image to wider aspect ratios. Take a look at the following image:

Image captured with 4:3 aspect ratio, with very limited cropping options
With its 4:3 aspect ratio, this image has very limited cropping potential.
Captured with iPhone XS Max @ 4.25mm, ISO 25, 1/1900, f/1.8
As you can see, the image was captured in 4:3 and I was barely able to squeeze the building, as well as the foreground structure into my framing. While it worked out at the end for this particular shot, there is simply no potential for cropping the image to fit any other aspect ratios without cutting into the building or the foreground element:

4:3 Aspect Ratio Cropped to 3:2
The same goes for choosing extremely wide aspect ratios, where the camera crops the top and bottom of the frame, as in the image below:

Image captured in 16:9 aspect ratio
This image in was captured in 16:9 aspect ratio
Cappadocia, Turkey. Captured with DJI Mavic Pro @ 10.26mm, ISO 100, 1/60, f/5.6
When I was using the DJI Mavic Pro drone in Cappadocia, Turkey, I forgot that I set the camera to capture images in 16:9, so I ended up with a bunch of wide images like the image you see above. Unfortunately, since the top and the bottom parts of the image were cropped out (even when shooting RAW), I will have to crop the sides of the image quite a bit to get to 3:2 or 4:3.
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