Planes slow down on the runway primarily through the use of brakes and aerodynamic forces.
Brakes: Aircraft are equipped with powerful hydraulic brakes similar to those found in automobiles. These brakes are engaged after landing to slow down the aircraft. The pilot operates the brakes either manually or automatically, depending on the aircraft's systems.
Reverse Thrust: Many modern jet aircraft are equipped with thrust reversers. These are mechanisms that redirect engine thrust forward instead of backward, helping to slow down the aircraft after landing. By redirecting engine thrust in the opposite direction of travel, reverse thrust acts as a powerful braking force.
Spoilers and Lift Dumpers: Spoilers are panels that can be raised on the wings to disrupt the airflow over the wings, reducing lift and increasing drag. This helps to slow down the aircraft after landing. Lift dumpers, which are similar to spoilers, also aid in reducing lift and increasing drag.
Aerodynamic Drag: As the aircraft slows down, aerodynamic drag increases due to the higher angle of attack of the wings and other control surfaces. This natural drag force helps to decelerate the aircraft.
Flaps: Flaps are extended on the wings during landing, increasing the wing's surface area and creating additional drag. This helps to slow down the aircraft as it touches down on the runway.
Combining these mechanisms allows aircraft to slow down safely and efficiently on the runway after landing. Pilots use a combination of these methods, depending on the aircraft type, runway conditions, and other factors to ensure a smooth and controlled deceleration.
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#RunwayDeceleration
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