HOW DO PCR TESTS WORK? Have you wondered how they actually analyse COVID samples and other DNA samples?

PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction. It's a way of multiplying genetic material like DNA.

It's used to identify COVID and other viruses; analysing ancient DNA samples; and in forensics, when DNA is taken from a crime scene and matched against a suspect's DNA.

Step 1: the sample is taken

Step 2: heat the sample to split the DNA strands in half. The beauty of DNA is that A always pairs with T, G always pairs with C.

Step 3: cool it down and add a whole bunch of A,T,G,C - they'll pair up with the half strands to recreate two new strands identical to the original

Step 4: heat the mixture again with an enzyme that patches each strand back together

Step 5: repeat steps 2-4 until you have enough DNA copies

Step 6: use a computer to analyse the DNA fragments and compare against the database to see if there's a positive match!

Just a note that coronaviruses are made of RNA, not DNA, but the PCR process remains exactly the same!

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