Tachyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias are fast heart rhythms that can originate from the atria or ventricles. They are crucial for USMLE Step 1 due to their clinical significance.

Types:

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

Pathophysiology: Disorganized atrial activity.
ECG: Irregularly irregular pulse, no distinct P waves.
Atrial Flutter

Pathophysiology: Rapid atrial reentrant circuit.
ECG: Sawtooth flutter waves.
Ventricular Tachycardia (VTach)

Pathophysiology: Rapid ventricular rhythm.
ECG: Wide QRS complexes.
Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib)

Pathophysiology: Chaotic ventricular activity.
ECG: Irregular waveform, no clear QRS.
Diagnosis:

ECG: Primary tool for identifying arrhythmias.
Holter Monitor: For intermittent arrhythmias.
Electrophysiological Studies: For detailed assessment.
Management:

AFib/Flutter: Rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation.
VTach: Antiarrhythmics, ICD, ablation.
VFib: Immediate defibrillation, CPR, ICD.
Complications:

Thromboembolism (stroke risk in AFib).
Heart failure.
Sudden cardiac death (VTach, VFib).
This concise review covers key points on tachyarrhythmias, essential for excelling in the USMLE Step 1 exam.






1 .Tachyarrhythmias
2.Atrial fibrillation & flutter
3.ventricular tachycardia vs ventricular fibrillation
4. Narrow complex tachycardia vs broad complex tachycardia.
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