"History of Russia in 100 Minutes" is a crash course for beginners. Here you will find the complete history summarized and retold in simple language with accurate dates, the most relevant names and essential concepts. After finishing the course, you will know:
- The basic characteristics of Russian history in different epochs
- The 54 most important rulers and 106 historical persons in Russian history
- 126 key dates and events in Russian history
- The basic terms and concepts of Russian history
The text is accompanied by numerous online resources:
- 20,000 pictures
- 700 videos
- 3,500 songs
- 100 podcast episodes
All that is available via the smarthistories.com website.
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Narrated by: Sammi Bold
Written by: Tanel Vahisalu
Edited by: Madis Maasing and Kerry Kubilius
Proofread by: Tony Burnett
Graphic Art by: Mehak Zaib Suddle
Video:
"Alexander Nevsky" by Sergey Eisenstein (1938)
Music:
"Tchaikovsky (Part II)" and "Crocodile Ghena's Song" (1995) by J.M.K.E.
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GRAND DUCHY OF MOSCOW
In the ongoing power struggle, the Moscow princes were the smartest in dealing with the Mongol conquerors. Their Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually annexed all neighboring principalities, and became the heart of the state that later came to be known as Russia.
MOSCOW
By the 1200’s, the biggest cities of Rus were Kiev, Novgorod, Vladimir, Tver, Ryazan, and Rostov. Moscow was of no significance until the 14th century. It had been established by Yuri Dolgorukiy, in 1147, in the middle of thick woods.
RISE OF MOSCOW
In 1283, the Grand Duchy of Moscow was founded by Prince Daniel. The state was also known as the “Grand Principality of Moscow,” or simply, “Muscovy”. The Moscow princes, who at first still preferred to name themselves Grand Princes of Vladimir, learned to please the Mongol khans, and earned special privileges at the expense of other principalities.
Ivan I (Ivan Kalita), was good at collecting all the tax money from fellow princes and giving it to the Mongols. They in return recognized him as the Grand Prince of Moscow, superior to all other princes.
Moscow’s importance grew even more when the Russian Metropolitan (head of the church) moved his residence from Vladimir to Moscow. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually absorbed all the neighboring lands, and became the central power in, what is now, Western Russia.
VICTORY OVER THE MONGOLS
In 1380, Prince Dmitry Donskoy felt he was strong enough to oppose the Mongols on a battlefield. He beat the Mongol army in the 1380 Battle of Kulikovo. Two years later, however, the Mongol Khan, Tokhtamysh, conquered Moscow again and re-established his rule over it.
Thus, the end of Mongol rule was not a single event, but rather a very long process. It took another hundred years for the rulers of Moscow to rid themselves of the Mongol yoke for good.
