Umar ibn Al-Khattab, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the second Caliph of Islam, led an attack on Egypt in the year 641 CE. The attack was part of the Islamic conquest of Egypt, which aimed to bring the country under Muslim control.
Before the attack, Egypt was under the control of the Byzantine Empire and was a predominantly Christian country. However, after the death of the Prophet Muhammad and the split of the Muslim community over the succession of the Caliphate, the Muslims saw the conquest of Egypt as a means of consolidating their power and expanding their influence.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab personally led the Muslim army and after a series of battles, they were able to capture the city of Babylon, which was the capital of Egypt at the time. The Byzantines offered to pay tribute to the Muslims in exchange for peace, but Umar ibn Al-Khattab rejected the offer and continued to conquer the rest of the country.
The conquest of Egypt marked the beginning of Muslim rule in the country, which lasted for several centuries. The Muslims established a new capital in the city of Fustat, which later became Cairo, and introduced the religion of Islam to the Egyptian people. The conquest of Egypt was also significant because it allowed the Muslims to control the Nile River, which was the lifeline of the country and a crucial source of food and resources.
Overall, Umar ibn Al-Khattab's attack on Egypt was a major event in the history of Islam and marked the beginning of Muslim rule in the country.
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