Ukraine 1941 ▶ Kiev in Color - Photos by German 6th Army Propaganda-Kompanie PK637 (September 41) Kiew Babi Yar / Babyn Jar
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Soviet massacres in Bykiwnja: (before September 1941)
Bykiwnja (Ukrainian Биківня, Russian Быковня, Polish Bykownia) is a forest in the Darnytsia urban district in the east of the Ukrainian capital Kiev. It is the site of the remains of about 130,000 murdered people from the Stalinist era. Among the victims buried there in mass graves were more than 5,000 members of the Polish armed forces who had become Soviet prisoners of war in September and October 1939. They had been shot by Polish officers and officials in the spring of 1940 as part of the mass executions ordered by the Politburo in Moscow, collectively known as the Katyn Massacre. The graves were found in 2006 by Polish archaeologist Andrzej Kola. Identification by name succeeded only in 9 cases. In addition to these mass graves, the remains of approximately 300 Italian soldiers who were shot here were also found, as well as the graves of thousands of Soviet soldiers who deserted in 1941 and were therefore shot by the Soviet NKVD. On September 21, 2012, in the presence of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and his Polish counterpart Bronisław Komorowski, a new memorial dedicated to the victims of communist terror was opened.
German massacres in Babi Yar / Babyn Jar: (September 1941)
Babyn Yar (Ukrainian Бабин Яр; Russian Бабий Яр Babi Yar, German 'Weiberschlucht') is a deeply incised valley on the territory of the Ukrainian capital Kiev, where Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the SD murdered more than 33,000 Jewish men, women and children on September 29 and 30, 1941. This was the largest single massacre of Jews in World War II for which the Wehrmacht, or more precisely the Army, was responsible. The mass murder of the Jewish population was committed after the 6th Army and Einsatzgruppe C of the SS entered Kiev. The commander in chief responsible was Generalfeldmarschall Walter von Reichenau. The Jewish population of Kiev, which numbered 220,000 at the beginning of the war, had largely fled the invasion of the Wehrmacht or served in the Red Army; about 50,000 had stayed behind, mostly elderly men, women and children. The XXIX Army Corps, under the 6th Army, placed Kiev under occupation law and appointed the Chief of Field Command 195 Major General Kurt Eberhard as Kiev's city commander. A few days after the capture of the city (Battle of Kiev), explosions and fires occurred in the center of Kiev, killing several hundred members of the Wehrmacht and residents. As a result, on September 27, 1941, officers of the Wehrmacht and SS held a meeting in the offices of Major General Kurt Eberhard. Participants included Friedrich Jeckeln, who had already shared responsibility for the Kamenez-Podolsk massacre at the end of August 1941, the commander of Einsatzgruppe C, SS Brigadeführer Otto Rasch, and the commander of Sonderkommando 4a, SS-Standartenführer Paul Blobel. It was decided to kill a large part of the Kiev Jews and to disguise this plan as an "evacuation action of the Jews". Field Marshal General Reichenau personally pushed the action, as can be seen from an SS report to Berlin: "Wehrmacht welcomes measures and requests radical action." Members of the SD and Sonderkommando 4a (commanded by SS-Standartenführer Paul Blobel) of SS Einsatzgruppe C under the command of SS-Brigadeführer Otto Rasch, commandos of the Polizeiregiment Süd of the Ordnungspolizei, members of the Geheime Feldpolizei, Ukrainian auxiliary policemen, and the Wehrmacht were involved in the action. According to the Dutch historian Karel Berkhoff, the "Bukovina Kurin", a military unit of the Melnyk faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, also took part in the massacre. Moreover, the information in the sources about the participation of Ukrainian auxiliary policemen, which is considered to be proven, is often not very differentiated, which makes it difficult to put an exact figure on it. On September 28, 1941, notices of evacuation were issued to the Jews of Kiev. They were to gather near the train station the following day and bring warm clothing, money, and personal documents and valuables. More Jews than expected responded to this call. In groups, they were led out of the city and to the ravine, where they were forced to remove their clothing and were then systematically shot by machine gun and submachine gun fire in accordance with the "Einsatzbefehl der Einsatzgruppe Nr. 101". During the shootings on September 29 and 30, 1941, 33,771 Jews were killed within 36 hours, according to the event report of SS Einsatzgruppe C dated October 2, 1941.

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