Causes of male infertility can be broadly categorized into pre-testicular causes, testicular causes, and post-testicular causes.
Testosterone is the principal hormone responsible for the regulation of sperm production.
Testosterone secretion is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
GNRH hormone, released from the hypothalamus, stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH hormones, which are the major gonadotropic hormones in human.
Out of these two, LH hormone is the one which stimulates the testis to produce testosterone.
When there is excess testosterone synthesis, the hormone itself acts on the hypothalamus to reduce LH secretion, and thereby reducing excess testosterone production.
This is called the negative feedback mechanism of androgen secretion.
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