Fascism in Italy emerged in the early 20th century under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919, capitalizing on social unrest, economic instability, and widespread disillusionment following World War I. Promoting extreme nationalism, authoritarianism, and anti-communism, Mussolini's fascist regime aimed to create a totalitarian state characterized by centralized authority, suppression of dissent, and glorification of the nation and its leader.

Mussolini's rule saw the establishment of a fascist dictatorship marked by censorship, propaganda, and the use of violence to maintain control. The regime sought to revive Italy's imperial glory, pursuing expansionist policies in Africa and Europe. However, Italy's involvement in World War II proved disastrous, leading to defeat, the collapse of Mussolini's regime, and his eventual execution in 1945.

The legacy of Italian fascism remains contentious, with debates over its impact on Italian society and politics, as well as its role in shaping modern European history.
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