Increasing importance of UUVs
China has several UUVs which have mapped the deep waters worldwide. UUVs are also used in subsea warfare. China’s neighbour Indonesia has found three Chinese underwater drones, the latest discovered in late December 2021. The discovery of Chinese UUVs revealed how much progress China had made in developing the devices and how it was preparing for a new front in warfare – underwater.
AUVs are being developed worldwide to assist in mine detection and sea bottom mapping of harbors and other areas of interest. Other AUV applications include Intelligence-Surveillance-Reconnaissance (ISR), Clandestine Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, even Anti-Submarine Warfare.
Even US Navy has commenced the development of extra-large unmanned undersea vehicle (XLUUV) in September 2017. In February 2019, the US Navy awarded the Boeing/HII consortium a $43 million contract to begin work on building four XLUUVs.
During this year’s Navy Day Press Conference held on 3 December 2022, the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral R Hari Kumar confirmed that the Indian Navy is on the hunt for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs). It has already shared its requirements with the defence industry. The Indian Navy will likely import underwater drones until indigenous solutions are operational.
Former Vice Admiral Ashok Kumar had outlined four categories of UUVs:
1. man-portable Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles (AUVs) with swarm functionality and an endurance of 10 to 20 hours.
2. lightweight AUVs compatible with the existing lightweight torpedo tubes onboard ships and endurance of approximately two days.
3. heavyweight AUVs compatible with the current heavyweight tubes and an endurance of the order of 3 to 4 days
4. high endurance AUVs with the capability to submerge for at least 15 days.
India is at present at a nascent stage of UUVs development and has launched various program to gain momentum in this area. In today’s video we are going to discuss about the same in detail.
L&T AUVs
L&T is developing a number of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) Amogh, Adamya & Maya AUVs. Adamya AUV can be launched from submarines & surface ships with 533mm torpedo tubes. The AUV weighs 850-kg, diameter of 533-mm and length of 5700-mm. It is powered by Lithium-polymer batteries which provides it endurance of 8-hr at speed of 4 kts. The Adamya navigates with real time position accuracy. It has a velocity logger, an inertial navigation system with GPS update. It looks ahead using a Forward-Looking Sonar (FLS) and a Under Water camera. It can descend up to 500m.
Submarine launched Unmanned Aerial System (SLUAS)
In May 2022, Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with NewSpace Research & Technologies (NRT), a start-up to develop a new range of submarine launched UAS. This was done in response to DRDO’s TDF program for development of Submarine launched Unmanned Aerial System (SLUAS).
The SLUAS is planned for induction to meet the tactical requirement of submarines by aiding Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) and augmenting Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA).
MDL XLUUVs
On 8th March 2022, Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) has issued an Expression of interest, seeking response from Global Firms for collaboration in Design, Development and Construction of Extra Large Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (XLUUVs). This was done in response to Indian Navy’s RFI for the procurement of 12 XLUUVs which was to be responded by 2nd May 2022.
As per report from the Naval News, The XLUUV may have a maximum ‘length with payload’ of up to 50 meters, width of up to 5 meters, height no more than 10 meters and gross weight without ballast under 300 tons. The XLUUV is intended for the following roles: ISR, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare and mine warfare.
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