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"Arḍ ul-Furātayn" (Arabic: أرض الفراتين‎, lit. 'Land of the Euphrates'), also known as the "Land of The Two Rivers", was the national anthem of Iraq from 1981 to 2003, during the Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein.
It was adopted in 1981, written by Shafiq al-Kamali (who died in 1984) with music by Walid Georges Gholmieh.
The lyrics make mention of important people in Iraqi history, such as Saladin, Harun al-Rashid, and al-Muthanna ibn Haritha, with the last verse extolling Ba'athism.
In shortened performances, the chorus was played twice, preceded by an instrumental introduction. Other abridged performances had the chorus twice, then the first verse once, concluding with the chorus performed twice. In full performances, the chorus was sung first twice, then each verse once with the chorus repeated twice in between, then the chorus sung again twice at the end.
After the ousting of Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime in 2003, the former national anthem of Iraq from the late 1950s and early 1960s, "Mawtini" (not to be confused with the current Iraqi national anthem of the same name) was reintroduced on a provisional basis. That was replaced in 2004 by the new Iraqi government with a new national anthem, also called "Mawtini", which is currently in use today.

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