The Taklamakan Desert,a Vast Hot Sand Desert Situaded In Western China. Covering Approximately 337,000 Square Kilometers In Total Surface Area, It Is The Largest Desert In China And The 16th Largest In The World.
Situated In The Xinjiang Province Of China, The Taklamakan Desert Is Located In The Central Part Of The Tarim Basin(A Vast Geological Depression), Which Covers An Area Of Roughly 906,500 Square Km. The Basin Is Surrounded From All Sides By Mountain Ranges Such The Tien Shan Mountains To The North, The Pamirs To The West, The Kunlun Mountains To The South, And The Altun Mountains To The East. These Mountain Ranges Create A Rain Shadow Area, Which Is The Primary Reason For The Creation Of The Taklamakan Desert In The Central Part Of The Tarim Basin.
Taklamakan Desert Extends About 600 Miles (960 Km) From West To East, And It Has A Maximum Width Of Some 260 Miles (420 Km). The Tibetan Plateau Lies To The South While The Gobi Desert Lies In The East. The Climate Of Taklamakan Desert Is Extremely Dry Since The Mountains Block Out Moist Air From The Sea. Annual Rainfall Is Less Than 4 Inches (100 Mm) In The Taklamakan Desert. Because It Lies In The Rain Shadow Of The Himalayas, Taklamakan Has A Cold Desert Climate.
The Desert Is Known For Extreme Temperature Variations, With Scorching Hot Summers Where Temperatures Can Reach Above 40°C (104°f) During The Day And Plummet Dramatically At Night. During Winter, The Temperature Can Reach - 20 °C (−4°f) (During Night),
The Major Feature Of Taklamakan Desert Is Its Shifting Sand Dunes. Roughly 85% Of The Desert Is Made Up Of Shifting Sand Dunes, Making It The World’s 2nd Largest Sandy Desert After Rub Al Khali In Saudi Arabia. These Dunes Range In Height From 60 Feet (18 M) Up To As Much As 300 Feet (91 M).
Due To Its Harsh Environment, Major Cities Aren’t Found Within The Taklamakan Desert Itself. However, There Are Significant Settlements Around Its Edges Or Nearby Areas, Hotan Is The Most Significant And Located On The Borders Of The Taklamakan Desert. Other Cities Such As Kashgar, Aksu, Urumqi, Korla Are Situated On The Periphery Of The Desert Within The Tarim Basin.
The Turpan Depression, In The Northeastern Part Of The Taklamakan, Contains Lake Aydingkol Or Ayding, Which Lies At An Elevation Of Roughly 154 M Below Sea Level, Making It The Lowest Point In China And One Of The Lowest Places On Earth That Is Not Underwater. Although The Lake Is Now Totally Dried, And Very Muddy And Salty.
The Tarim River, The Principal River Of The Tarim Basin, Flows From The Pamir Mountains Through The Desert And Eventually Loses Itself In The Sands Of The Taklamakan.
There Are Several Lakes In The Basin, Including Lake Lop Nur, Which Has Varied In Size And Even Dried Up At Times.
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