Parkinson’s disease is a very common neurological disorder. It commonly affects elderly above the age of 60 years. We can also see Parkinson’s disease at the age of 40 or 50 years of it commonly affects males and females. The common symptoms what the patient presents is with tremors in the hands, either on the left or the right hand. Little uncommon it can start with the lower limbs. They have tremors when they are resting and they also can present with slowness of movements. It can affect their day to day activities like writing, brushing and eating, and it gradually progresses. It can also be associated with stiffness in the upper limbs or the lower limbs and it can also lead to pains, like some of the patients can present with frozen shoulder because of the restricted movement of the shoulder secondary to rigidity in Parkinson’s disease. You can also have non-motor symptoms starting from constipation, urinary urgency, can have intermittent sweating. These are the common non motor symptoms. But these symptoms of Parkinson’s disease progress over the time one sided symptoms become bilateral, axial movements also start getting affected. They also stoop while walking. While walking, they become slow and overall their body movements becomes slow movements, when these type of patients comes presents to a neurologist or a specialist, we elicit some of the signs in Parkinson’s disease. Typically when we examine tremors. These are resting tremors, usually affecting one part of the body and then progressing to the other part of the body. In the other side there is slowness of movements or bradykinetic movements. We ask them to tap their fingers or on and close their hands, alternative movement on the pronation and supination, we ask them to tap their foot. So we look at these things and their gait very closely and we see the generalised slowness of movements. There will be stiffness, on examination, there will be rigidity, what we relate in the clinical symptom of stiffness. There will be rigidity in the limbs and on the axial muscles like the neck movements and the truncal movements. There will be rigidity while examination and the gait will be generally slow. There will be some amount of stoop posture. Apart from that when these patients are on some medications, we will examine them for some dyskinetic movements. Typically there will be twisting movements on the hands and on the legs. There will be twisting of the neck. Typically coriform movements or there can be fixed movements like dystonia. So these are the typical clinical symptoms and signs of Parkinson’s disease.

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