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Adverbs of quantity
They suggest indeterminate quantity or measure.
They answer to the question: quanto? in quale misura? (how much?)
For example: Ho mangiato troppo. (I ate too much.)
Ho studiato abbastanza per oggi. (I studied enough for today.)
Hai dormito poco e si vede! (You didn’t sleep much and it’s clear!)
Più corri più ti sentirai meglio. (The more you run, the better you feel.)
Are adverbs of quantity:
molto (much), poco (little), troppo (too), tanto (much), abbastanza (enough), altrettanto (as much), più (more), meno (less), etc.
The adverb is the invariabile part of the speech that accompanies especially a verb, but also a name, an adjective or another adverb with the aim of modifing or specifing their meaning.
In particolar, adverbs can indicate:
- circumstances of time and space;
- the manner and the measure of a quantity and a quality;
- a statement, a negation, a doubt.
Italian adverbs present many forms. Depending on the form we can distinguish:
- adverbs ending in -mente: rapidamente (quickly), allegramente (joyfully);
- adverbs ending in -oni: cavalcioni (astride), penzoloni (hang down);
- adverbs made up by only one word: bene (good), male (bad);
- adverbs made up by many words: almeno (al + meno, at least), soprattutto (sopra + tutto, above all);
- adverbs formed by undefined adjectives: poco (little), molto (much);
- adverbs formed by descriptive adjectives: solo (only, just), giusto (right).
They can be divided into categories:
- modal adverbs
- adverbs of time
- adverbs of place
- adverbs of quantity
- adverbs of assertion, question, doubt
- exclamative and interrogative adverbs
Are called indefinitives, indefiniti, that adjectives indicating an indefinite quantity or indefinite measure related to a noun.
- They can suggest a unity or an indetermined plurality: qualunque (whatever), qualsiasi (any), nessuno (no), qualche (some), alcuno (any), ciascuno (every), ogni (each), certo (certain), etc.
For example: Dammi un quaderno qualunque. Una qualsiasi penna che funzioni mi va bene.
(Give me whatever notebook. Whatever pen which works will be ok.)
Ho incontrato qualche cane al parco. Certe persone sono maleducate.
(I met some dogs at the park. Certain people are impolite.)
- They can suggest an indefinite quantity: molto (many), poco (few), tanto (a lot of), parecchio (quite a lot), troppo (too much), vario (various), altrettanto (as much), etc.
For example: Ho molto tempo libero. Ha comprato troppi libri! Abbiamo poca voglia di uscire.
(I have much free time. I bought too many books. We have no desire of going out.)
- They can indicate a totality: tutto (all).
For example: Ho mangiato tutta la torta. Non sono riuscita a vedere tutto il film.
(I ate all the cake. I couldn’t see all the film.)
- Attention:
Some indefinite adjectives are invariable: qualche, ogni, qualsiasi. They are only singular and they have only one form for both for the masculine and for the feminine.
Uno, ciascuno, nessuno are only singular but they have different forms for the masculine and the feminine: uno/una; ciascuno/ciascuna; nessuno/nessuna.
The other indefinites are all invariable in number and gender: troppo, tutto, poco, molto, vario, diverso, etc.
efinite adjectives: the demonstrative
Are called demonstrative, dimostrativi, the adjectiveds indicating the position of a persona or a thing in relation to the speaker:
- questo (this) refers to somebody or something near who is speaking;
- quello (that) refers to somebody or something far from who is speaking.
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