Universal healthcare is a system in which everybody has access to a sufficient level of healthcare, including those who can’t afford it. Universal healthcare is not the same thing as single payer, single payer is a type of universal healthcare where coverage is provided by the government and funded through taxation. Another popular universal healthcare system is a mandatory insurance system, like we see in France and Germany, everybody has to have health insurance, but lots of groups contribute including the government, employer and employees. So if somebody can't pay the government or one of the other groups will make up the difference. In this video we will look at the pros and cons of universal healthcare which I have divided into 3 groups which can be used as a criteria to measure other healthcare systems, You’ve got universality, which represents how much of the population, price the cost of the system and the quality of the healthcare that is provided.

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The biggest pro of universal healthcare is its name- universality. What this means is that everybody gets covered, and no one is left uninsured, something which does not happen in countries like the United States which do not have a universal healthcare system. Universal healthcare systems can be funded through taxation like in the UK and Canada,
or like systems in France and Germany that insist upon each citizen having some sort of insurance plan, paid for by employers, government and people themselves, and if people can’t pay the government makes up the difference. Germany’s system is slightly different from France’s in that the actual provision of healthcare, the doctor’s nurses and hospitals, are fully private, whilst being funded by the state. Regardless of which type of universal healthcare system is used, costs are shared out amongst everybody through a process called pooling, which means all the money is put into a common fund and used according to each person’s need, and not based on how much they can pay. A con of universal healthcare is that although this universality covers everybody, it doesn’t necessarily cover all health conditions or treatments. In the UK for example, which has a single-payer healthcare system dentists and opticians and have to be paid for by people past a certain age,
and certain procedures not considered urgent by the NHS have to come out of pocket.
As well as this, in a universal healthcare system inequality of healthcare provision can still occur- richer people can still pay for better or healthcare that is provided faster.
This can be especially hard on the people left on the government provided or mandatory insurance plans because of the way a lack of competition there can reduce quality, but we’ll find out about that later.

Our next group of arguments concerns the cost of universal healthcare. x
In the French system people can be reimbursed up to 100% of their healthcare costs
and the system is free at the point of use in Canada and the UK. According to the world health organisation Per capita the UK, German and Canadian governments only spent $5000 on healthcare in 2015 whereas the US spent around $10000. So ironically, in the US, for a country in which the government is supposed to have less of a foothold in the healthcare system, it spends around double what universal healthcare systems spend.
Obamacare have led to prices going up on certain insurance plans for the richest, which I think underlines one of the key differences between universal healthcare and free market healthcare. Source ([ Ссылка ])

The final group of arguments concerning universal healthcare provision concerns quality.
Opponents of universal healthcare have argued that as well as the higher taxation,
it leads to healthcare provision needing to be rationed so that everybody gets a piece.
The argument goes that this rationing comes in the form of increased waiting times in universal systems;

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