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Rap" and "Rapper" redirect here. For the Jaggerz song, see The Rapper. For other uses, see Rap (disambiguation).
This article is about rapping as a technique or activity. For more information on the music genre, see Hip hop music.
Rapping (or emceeing,[1] MCing,[1] spitting bars,[2] or rhyming)[3] is "spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics".[4] The components of rapping include "content", "flow" (rhythm and rhyme), and "delivery".[5] Rapping is distinct from spoken-word poetry in that it is performed in time to a beat.[6][7] Rapping is often associated with and a primary ingredient of hip-hop music, but the origins of the phenomenon can be said to predate hip-hop culture by centuries. It can also be found in alternative rock such as that of Cake, Gorillaz and the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Rapping is also used in Kwaito music, a genre that originated in Johannesburg, South Africa, and is composed of hip-hop elements.
Rapping can be delivered over a beat or without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies a gray area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word (meaning originally "to hit")[8] as used to describe quick speech or repartee predates the musical form.[9] The word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African-American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning "to converse", and very soon after that in its present usage as a term denoting the musical style.[10] Today, the terms "rap" and "rapping" are so closely associated with hip-hop music that many use the terms interchangeably.
The English verb rap has various meanings, such as "to strike, especially with a quick, smart, or light blow",[11] as well "to utter sharply or vigorously: to rap out a command".[11] The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives a date of 1541 for the first recorded use of the word with the meaning "to utter (esp. an oath) sharply, vigorously, or suddenly".[12] Wentworth and Flexner's Dictionary of American Slang gives the meaning "to speak to, recognize, or acknowledge acquaintance with someone", dated 1932,[13] and a later meaning of "to converse, esp. in an open and frank manner".[14] It is these meanings from which the musical form of rapping derives, and this definition may be from a shortening of repartee.[15] A rapper refers to a performer who "raps".
By the late 1960s, when Hubert G. Brown changed his name to H. Rap Brown, rap was a slang term referring to an oration or speech, such as was common among the "hip" crowd in the protest movements, but it did not come to be associated with a musical style for another decade.[citation needed]
Rap was used to describe talking on records as early as 1971, on Isaac Hayes' album Black Moses with track names such as "Ike's Rap", "Ike's Rap II", "Ike's Rap III", and so on.[16] Hayes' "husky-voiced sexy spoken 'raps' became key components in his signature sound".[16] Del the Funky Homosapien similarly states that rap was used to refer to talking in a stylistic manner in the early 1970s: "I was born in '72... back then what rapping meant, basically, was you trying to convey something—you're trying to convince somebody. That's what rapping is, it's in the way you talk."[17]
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